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This article is also not meant to be a tutorial on the Fellow Oak DICOM Toolkit, and my focus here is simply to tie DICOM theory to what a practical (although simple) implementation might look like. Every situation is unique, and only you are ultimately in the best position to decide that. The use of this toolkit in my tutorial does not in anyway imply my official endorsement of it for implementing a production application.
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This toolkit is completely free for both commercial or non-profit use. This is a completely stand-alone DICOM toolkit that implements functionality such as DICOM file and directory processing as well DICOM networking-related operations. Fellow Oak (fo-dicom) DICOM Toolkit - Quick Overviewįor the purposes of illustrating many aspects of DICOM that I plan to cover in this tutorial series, I will be using a freely available and powerful DICOM toolkit called fo-dicom DICOM Toolkit. In the next tutorial in this series, I will show you to write DICOM directories as well.
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In this tutorial, I will show you a couple of different ways on how to read DICOM directories when developing custom software applications. Please see Part 10 of the DICOM standard that deals with this aspect of image management in more detail. This approach speeds up search times by a huge margin especially when you are dealing with large sets of files. With the help of the DICOMDIR file, it is then possible to browse through all images on the medium of storage you are dealing with without having to read the entire directory structure and the images. The standard stipulates that the processing application should not infer anything from the order of the files in the file-set and that there should be no semantics attached to it. The file must be encoded by any application creating it according to the specifications in Part 10 of the DICOM standard. The DICOM directory file itself is encoded as an SOP instance and has a Media Storage SOP Instance UID in its meta information similar to any other DICOM file that we have seen so far. A File-set is simply a collection of files that share a common naming space within which any identifiers used for these files (called File IDs) have to be unique. The standard mandates the use of a media directory file called the DICOMDIR file (please note that this is a file and not a directory as most people mistakenly believe) which provide a number of benefits including indexing as well as summary level information regarding the files contained within (called the File-set). What we must do therefore is to strive and persevere and never give up.” ~ Dalai Lama XIV If the goal is noble, whether or not it is realized within our lifetime is largely irrelevant. “To remain indifferent to the challenges we face is indefensible. This is where DICOM directory files come in. However, searching through these directories and the large number of images they contain when needing to perform any diagnostic, research or error correction procedures even with these elements/tags is not a trivial task as you have to process each file individually.
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This makes total sense as there is a risk of attributing an image to the wrong patient, study or series and can lead to some dire consequences for diagnosis (and is reason that DICOM objects have information contained within in the form of DICOM elements or tags). It also states that no information must be inferred/extracted from these names. The standard restricts the file names/identifiers contained within to 8 characters (uppercase alphabetic characters and numbers only) to keep in conformity with legacy/historical requirements.
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The PACS server or an offline archive/media such as CD/DVD may store these image sets in a nested directory structure (by patient, by study and by series). If you are dealing with modalities such as CT or MR, you will often deal with large numbers of images generated as a result of a scan procedure (sometimes hundreds if not thousands). This tutorial also assumes that you know the basics of C# or any equivalent object-oriented language such as Java or C++. NET and C# - Making Sense of the DICOM File” to understand the structure of a DICOM file. You may also want to look at my other tutorial titled “DICOM Basics using. If you are totally new to DICOM, please have a quick look at my earlier article titled “Introduction to the DICOM Standard” for a quick introduction to the standard. This is part of my series of articles on the DICOM standard.
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